Hydropower Abbreviations and Acronyms List - by Hobo Maps - Go Back to Hydropower Projects Web Page --- Home
Abbreviations and acronyms below edited and conformed to terms commonly used in Lao PDR hydropower projects.
Ω = Ohm (electrical resistance measure represented by the Greek letter omega (Ω))
Ω/Km = Ohm per kilometer
oC = degrees Celsius (Centigrade)
oF = degrees Fahrenheit
18°26'09"N = 18 degrees, 26 minutes, 9 seconds north latitude
102°56'49"E = 102 degrees, 56 minutes, 49 seconds east longitude
116 = 11,000,000
10-3 NM-B cable = 10 gauge diameter 3-wire Non-Metallic electric conductor
CH4 = methane
cm2 = square centimeters = cm^2
cm3 = cubic centimeters = cm^3
CO2 = carbon dioxide
H2O = water
in2 = square inch = in^2
in3 = cubic inch = in^3
ft2 = square foot = ft^2
ft3 = cubic foot = ft^3
ft3/s = cubic feet per second = ft^3/s
kg = kilogram
kg/m2 = kilograms per square meter = kg/m^2
km2 = square kilometers = km^2
km3 = cubic kilometers = km^3
kN/m³ = Kilonewton per cubic meter - weight of water is 10 kN/m3
m2 = square meters = m^2
m3 = cubic meters = m^3
m3/s = cubic meters per second = m^3/s
m3/s/km2 = cubic meters per second per square kilometer
mm2 = square millimeter = mm^2
mm3 = cubic millimeter = mm^3
N2O = nitrous oxide
O₃ = ozone
r/m = revolutions per minute
t/km2/yr = tons per square kilometer per year
yd2 = square yard = yd^2
yd3 = cubic yard = yd^3
yd3/s = cubic yards per second = yd^3/s
2x = 2 times (multiply by 2), 3x = 3 times, etc.
3R = Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
3S = 3 large rivers in southern Laos & Cambodia with "S" names - Sekong, Sesan and Srepok
---------------
A = Ampere
AAGR = average annual growth rate
ac = alternating current
ACC = ASEAN Coordinating Council
ACCC = ASEAN Connectivity Coordinating Committee
ACCEPT = ASEAN Climate Change and Energy Project
ACCWG = ASEAN Coordinating Council Working Group
ACE = ASEAN Center for Energy
ACEMS = Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy
ACER = Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators
ACSR = Aluminum Conductor Cable Steel Reinforced - a type of high-capacity and high-strength stranded conductor used in long-distance overhead power lines
ACSR/GA = Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced, using Class A galvanized steel wire
ADB = Asian Development Bank
ADCP = Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers - instruments used to measure water velocities, direction of flow and depth.
ADMS = Advanced Distribution Management System
ADPC = Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
ADR = Automated Demand Response
AECOM - name of international infrastructure consulting firm (looks like acronym but not)
AEDP = Alternative Energy Development Plan
AEDS = ASEAN Energy Database System
AFCI =Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter, senses power fluctuations when sparking ("arcing") occurs between contact points in a wire connection and may trip or break the circuit
AFD = Agence Française de Développement or Agence Française pour le Developement
AFTA = ASEAN Free Trade Area
AGC = automatic generation control; a system for adjusting the power output of multiple generators at different power plants and synchronize the outputs (to 50 HZ)
AGEP = ASEAN-German Energy Program
AIIB = Asian Infrastructure Investment
AIMS = ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan Study
AIMS = Aquaculture of Indigenous Mekong Fish Species Project
AIS = Air-Insulated Substation
aka = also known as
Al = aluminum
ALS = Automatic Load Shedding
AMCF = Assessment of Mekong Capture Fisheries Component
AMF = average monthly flow
AMI = Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AMS = ASEAN Member States
AMS = Application Management Services
amsl = above mean sea level
ANCOVA = analysis of covariance
ANSI = American National Standards Institute
APAEC = ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation
APC = Automatic power controller
APG = ASEAN Power Grid
APGCC = ASEAN Power Grid Consultative Committee
APL = Adaptable Program Loan
AQI = Air Quality Index - a numerical index used for reporting severity of air pollution levels to the public. For current levels in Laos see https://www.iqair.com/laos .
AQIP = Aquaculture Improvement and Extension Project
A/R = Afforestation / Reforestation
ARI = average return interval
ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASHDCT = Automatic System of Hydrologic Data Collection and Transmission
ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
ATC = available transmission capacity
ATSPT = Average Tolerance Score Per Taxon
aux. = auxiliary; supplementary
AVC = Automatic voltage controller
AvCap = Available Capacity
AVR = Automatic voltage regulator
AWG = American Wire Gauge is the USA standard measure for the diameter of electrical conductors.
AWGCME = ASEAN Working Group on Coastal and Marine Environment
BAP = Biodiversity Action Plan
BAU = business as usual
bbl = barrel
BCEL = Banque Pour Le Commerce Exterieur Lao Public
bcf = billion cubic feet
bcfd = billion cubic feet per day
bcm = billion cubic meters
BCP = Base Capacity Price
BCPG = BCPG Public Company Limited (Bangchak Public Group?)
BCR = Benefit Cost Ratio
BCS = Battery Charging Station
BDP = Basin Development Planning / Basin Development Plan / Basin Development Program
BDS = Basin Development Strategy
BESS = battery electric storage system
BFI = Bank and Finance Institutions
BFI = bilateral financial institutions
BFMS = Basin-wide Fisheries Management and Development Strategy
BIC = BCPG Indochina Co.
BIDV = Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam
BioRA = Biological Resources Assessment
BL = base line
BLT = build, lease, transfer
BM = Build Margin
BMEC = BMEC Engineering & Consulting Co., Ltd.
BMZ = Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung - German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
BOD = Biological Oxygen Demand
BOO = build-own-operate
BOOT = build–own–operate–transfer
BOT = build–operate–transfer
BRI = Belt and Road Initiative (China's)
BRIM = Biosphere Reserve Integrated Monitoring Program
BS = British Standard - current standard for electrical wiring in the UK
BSM = benefit sharing mechanisms
Btu = British Thermal Unit - a measure of heat energy equal to 0.000293 kilowatt hour
BUS = Binary Unit System is used to transfer data between participants in a network
C = Celsisus (formerly Centigrade)
CA = Concession Agreement
CACM = Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management
CAGR = compound annual growth rate
CAP = Corrective Action Plan
CAPE = country assistance program evaluation
CAPEX = capital expenditure
CB = Circuit Breaker
CBA = Cost Benefit Analysis
CBD = Convention on Biological Diversity
CBO = Community Based Organizations
CBRC&MCL = Chanthavone Bridge, Road Construction and Maintenance Company Ltd.
CCA = climate change adaptation
CCAI = Climate Change Adaptation Initiative - of Mekong River Commission
CCCC = China Communications Construction Company Ltd.
CCIA = climate change impact assessment
CCILMB = Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin (of the Mekong River Commission)
CDB = China Development Bank
CDE = Center for Development and Environment
CDE = Carbon Dioxide Equivalent - a term used in the global warming potential (GWP) system that compares the emissions from various greenhouse gases based on their global warming potential using carbon dioxide as the base for comparison. The CDE for methane is 24.5 which means it has 24.5 times more GWP than carbon dioxide.
CDEP = Committee for Development of Electric Power
CDM = Clean Development Mechanism (under Kyoto Protocol)
CDTO = China Datang Overseas Investment Co
CEAR = Construction & Erection All Risks (Insurance)
CEEC = China Energy Engineering Corporation
CEIEC = China National Electronics Import-Export Corporation
CEMMP = Contractor’s Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
CEMP = Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan
CERs = certified emission reductions (under Kyoto Protocol)
CER = consumer energy resources - renewable energy systems commonly located at homes or businesses - also referred to as distributed energy resources (DER) or behind-the-meter systems.
CES = Cryogenic Energy Storage
CEWA = Charoen Energy and Water Asia Co. Ltd. (Thailand)
CF = Capacity factor
CFD = Computational Fluid Dynamics - the numerical method of simulating fluid motion using computational methods and hardware.
CFG = configuration
CFRD = concrete-faced rockfill dam
cfs = cubic feet per second -1 cfs is equal to 7.48 gallons per second
CGGC = China Gezhouba Group Company Limited
CGIAR = Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CGN = China General Nuclear Power Group
CH4 = methane: one of the most potent of greenhouse gases
CHIRPS = Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse
CHMC = China National Heavy Machinery Corporation
CIA = Cumulative Impact Assessment
CIF = Cost Indurance and Freight
CIFEC = Committee for Investment Management and Foreign Economic Cooperation
CIFOR = Center for International Forestry Research
CIPSC = Central Investment Promotion Steering Committee
CIS = Customer Information Systems
CITES = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
CKHX = Chiang Khong & Houay Xai
CKP = CK Power Plc. (the power generation arm of construction firm CH Karnchang Plc.)
CLMV = Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam
cm = centimeters
cm2 = square centimeters
CMC = Coordination and Monitoring Center
CMG = crisis management group
CMHC = China National Heavy Machinery Co.
CMMS = computerized maintenance management system
CNC = Computerized Numerical Control - controlling a machine tool or other device automatically with a computer program
CNMC = Cambodia National Mekong Committee
CNR = Compagnie Nationale du Rhone (France)
CNY = Chinese yuan renminbi
CO2 = carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas often created by burning of fossil fuels
COBSE = Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia
COCD = Construction Obligation Commencement Date
COD = Commercial Operation Date
CPAWM = Center for Protected Areas and Watershed Management
CPP = Critical Peak Pricing
CPU = Central Processing Unit
CPUE = Catch Per Unit Effort
CRBMF = core river basin management function
CRMN = Core River Monitoring Network
CRPF = Compensation and Resettlement Policy Framework
CRVA = Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
CSE = Charoen Sekong Energy Company
CSG = China Southern Power Grid
CSO = civil society organization
CSOs = civil society organizations
CSP = power project developer CS Power
CSPELC = commercial price of electricity
CSR = corporate social responsibility
CTA = Chief Technical Advisor
ctg = combustion turbine generator
CTG = China Three Gorges Corporation
Cu = copper
CU = Crisis Unit
CV = control valve
CVC = Conventional Mass Concrete (dam structure type)
CWE = China International Water & Electric Corp.
CWTW = Chongqing Water Turbine Works Co.
D&B = drilling and blasting - method used to excavate underground passages such as tunnels (alternative to use of a tunnel-boring machine)
DA = Distribution Automation
DAFO = District Agriculture and Forestry Office
DAGAP = Data Acquisition and Generation Action Plan
DBCA = District Biodiversity Conservation Area
DBM = Drill and Blast Method (tunnel excavation)
dc = direct current
DCA = Distribution Contingency Analysis
DCI = Dendritic Connectivity Index
DCTL = Double Circuit Transmission Line
DDF = Dry Dipterocarp Forest
DEB = Department of Energy Business
DEC = Dongfang Electric Corp. - China-based
DEF = Dry Evergreen Forest
DEIR = Draft Environmental Impact Report
DEIS = Draft Environmental Impact Statement
DEM = Department of Energy Management,
DEM = Digital Elevation Model
DEPD = Department of Energy Promotion and Development
DEPP = Department of Energy Policy and Planning
Dept. = Department
DER = distributed energy resources - privately-owned renewable energy systems at homes or businesses - behind-the-meter systems
DFI = Development financial institution (Development Bank)
DGA = Dissolved Gas Analysis
DGM = Dept. of Geology and Mines
DGRC = District Grievance Redress Committee
DHO = District Health Office
DHPM = Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine
DHRW = Department of Hydrology and River Works, Cambodia
DIN = "Deutsche Institut fur Normung" - a German organization that sets standards for electrical equipment
DLE = Distribution Load Estimation
DLF = Department of Livestock and Fisheries
DLF = Distribution Load Forecasting
DMH = Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (Lao PDR)
DMM = Department of Mining Management
DMS = Degrees Minutes Seconds (coordinates)
DMS = Distribution Management System
DNA = Designated National Authorities
DO = dissolved oxygen
DOE = Department of Electricity (Laos in the past)
DOEM = District Office of Energy and Mines
DOF = Department of Forestry
DOLHM = Department of Land and Housing Management
DONRE = District Office of Natural Resources and Environment
DOPF = Department of Planning, Cooperation and Finance
DP = Development Partner
DPC = Department of Planning and Cooperation
DPF = Distribution Power Flow
DPRA = Development Project Responsible Agency
DRC = District Resettlement Committee
DRP = Demand Response Provider
DRWG = District Resettlement Working Groups
DS or D/S = downstream
DSC = Downstream Channel
DSCR = Debt Service Coverage Ratio
DSE = Distribution State Estimation
DSEG = Dam Safety Expert Group
DSEP = Dam Safety Emergency Plans
DSF = Decision Support Framework
DSH = Don Sahong
DSHPP = Don Sahong Hydropower Project
DSM = Discharge and sediment monitoring
DSM = Demand Side Management
DSM/EE = Demand-Side Management and Energy Efficiency Program
DSMP = Discharge and Sediment Monitoring Program
DSMS = Dam Safety Management System
DSO = distribution system operator
DSP = Distributed System Platform
DSPF = Department of Statistics, Planning and Finances
DSRA = Debt Service Reserve Account
DSRP = Dam Safety Review Panel
DSS = Decision support systems
DTP = China Datang International Power Generation Co., Ltd
DWG = District Working Groups
DWR = Department of Water Resources (Thailand government)
DWRM = Department of Water Resources Management (in Vietnam)
EA = Environmental Assessment
EAMP = Environmental Assessment and Management Plan
EAP = Emergency Action Plans
EBITDA = earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
ECA = Export Credit Agency
ECC = Environmental Compliance Certificate
ECI = Electricity Construction and Installation
ECU = Environmental Compliance Unit
ED = execution date - the date on which a legal agreement is signed by both Parties and becomes effective
EDC = Electricité du Cambodge (Cambodia) - a state-owned electricity utility responsible for electricity generation, transmission and distribution in Cambodia
EDL = Electricité du Laos - a state-owned electricity utility responsible for electricity generation, transmission and distribution in Lao PDR.
EDL-Gen = EDL Generation Public Co. Ltd – a public company responsible for some of EDL’s power generation activities.
EDL-Gen Solar = a subsidiary of EDL-Gen established in 2015 to focus on developing solar energy projects in Laos
EDLT = Électricité du Laos Transmission Company Ltd.
EDLTC = EDL Training Center
EDP = Ethnic Development Plan
EE = Excess Energy
EEC = energy efficiency and conservation
EEMP = Environment Emergency Mitigation Plan
EER = Energy Efficiency Ratio
E-flows = Environmental Flows
EGAT = Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
EGATi = Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand International
EGCO = Electricity Generating Public Company (of Thailand)
EGDP = Ethnic Group Development Plan
EGEF = Ethnic Groups Engagement Framework
EGEM = Expert Group on Environmental Management
EGPD = Electricity Generation Planning Division
EHI = Ecological Health Index
EHM = Ecological health monitoring
EHV = Extra High Voltage
EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
EIR = Environmental Impact Report
EIRR = Economic Internal Rate of Return
EIS = Environmental Impact Statement
El. = elevation
ELC = electronic load controller
E & M = electrical and mechanical equipment
E & S = environmental and social
EMA = Singapore’s Energy Market Authority
EMCO = Environmental Management Committee Office
EMCS = Energy Management Control System
EMD = Environmental Management Division
EMDP = Ethnic Minority Development Plan
EMF = electromagnetic force
EMI = electromagnetic interference
EMMP = Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
EMO = Environmental Management Office
EMP = electromagnetic pulse
EMP = environmental management plan
EMS = Environmental Management System
EMT = electric metal tubing
EMUs = Environmental Management Units
EOD = Explosive Ordnance Disposal
EP = Environmental Program
EPC Contract = engineering, procurement and construction contract
EPCC = engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning
EPCM = Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Management Agreement
EPD = Energy Planning Division
EPDP = Ethnic People Development Plan
EPF = Electric Power Forum
EPF = Environmental Protection Fund
EPL = Environmental Protection Law
EPP = Emergency Preparedness Plan
EPPEI = Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute
EPPO = Energy Policy and Planning Office (in Thailand)
ERC = Energy Regulatory Committee (in Thailand)
ERP = Emergency Response Plan
ERPA = Emissions Reduction Purchase Agreement
E&S = Environmental and Social
ESAP = Environmental and Social Action Plan
esc. = enterprise standard costs; a form of indirect cost
ESCAP = Environmental and Social Corrective Action Plan
ESCAP = Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCO = Energy Service Companies
ESD = Environment and Social Division
ESDD = Environmental and Social Due Diligence
ESF = Environmental and Social Framework
ESG = Environmental, Social and Governance
ESIA = Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMAP = Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (World Bank)
ESMF = Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMMP = Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans
ESMMP-CP = Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans-Construction Phase
ESMP = Environmental and Social Management Plan
ESP = Environment and Social Program
ESRS = Environmental & Social Review Summary
ESSP = Environmental and Social Sustainability Policy
EV = Electric-powered Vehicle
EVALS - proprietary dimensioning and evaluation software used to evaluate hydropower projects
EVN = Electricity of Viet Nam, the national energy company of Vietnam
EVN PMB = Electricity of Viet Nam Power Project Management Board
EVN NPT = Electricity of Viet Nam National Power Transmission
EVs = Electric-powered Vehicles
Ex Ante = a forecast based on estimates rather than actual results (before the event)
Ex Post= a forecast based on actual results (after the event)
EXIM = Export–Import Bank
F = Fahrenheit
FA = Feeder Automation
FACTS = Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems
FAD = fish attraction devices
FADM = Fish Abundance and Diversity Monitoring
FAIV = Fast acting isolating valve
FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)
FCB = fast cut back
FCP = Frequency Containment Process
FCZ = Fishing Control Zone
FDC = flow duration curve
FDI = foreign direct investment
FDIR = Fault Detection Isolation and Restoration
FEEG = Fisheries and Environment Expert Group
FFA = flood frequency analysis
FFC = Fixed-Frequency Control
FFGS = flash floods guidance system
FFS = Final Feasibility Study
FGD = Focus group discussion
FIDIC = is a French language acronym for Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils, which means the international federation of consulting engineers
FIPC = Forest Inventory and Planning Centre
FIRR = Financial Internal Rate of Return
FishMAP = Fisheries Monitoring Action Plan
FIT = feed-in tariffs
FLDM = Fish larvae drift monitoring
FMECA = Failure mode, effects and criticality analysis
FMIS = Financial Management Information System
FMS = Financial Management System
FMV = Fair Market Value
FOEAS = Farm-Oriented Enhancing Aquatic System
FOMACOP = Forestry Management and Conservation Project
FOMC = Fixed Operations and Maintenance Charge
FPV = floating photovoltaic
FRCD = Forest Resource Conservation Division (of Lao Department of Forestry)
FRL = full reservoir level
FS = Feasibility Study
FSL = full supply level
FSR = Feasibility Study Report
FPV = floating photo voltaic
FWL = Flood Water Level
FY = fiscal year
GA = Gap Assessment
GCB = Generator Circuit Breaker
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
GEC = grounding electrode conductor
GED = Gulf Energy Development (Thailand based)
GEF = Global Environmental Fund
GEI = Global Environmental Institute
GFCI = Ground Fault Circuit Interruptor, a type of circuit breaaker
GFL = Great Fault Line
GHG = Greenhouse Gas
GIS = Geographic Information System
GIS = gas-insulated switchgear (a gas-insulated device that houses electrical devices such as circuit breakers)
GIZ = German Agency for International Cooperation - "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit"
GMD = geomagnetic disturbance
GML = Gnommalath (town/district)
GMS = Greater Mekong Subregion - Lao PDR is the only GMS country with contiguous borders with all the others.
GOL (GoL) = Government of Lao PDR
GPAR = Governance and Public Administration Reform
gpd = gallons per day
gpm = gallons per minute
gps = gallons per second
GPS = Global Positioning System
GPSC = Global Power Synergy Public Co Ltd
GRC = Grievance Redress Committee
GRID = Gender Resource and Information Development
GRM = Grievance Redress Mechanism
GRP = glass reinforced plastic - a mixture of reinforced fibres and fine glass used to make strong plastic pipe.
GSCI = Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index
GTSEZ = Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone
GUI = graphical user interface
GW = gigawatt
GWh = gigawatt hours
GWh/y = gigawatt hours per year
GWP = Global Warming Potential - A system used to compare the global warming potential of various greenhouse gases using carbon dioxide as the base for comparison. The GWP for methane is 24.5 which means it pollutes 24.5 times more than carbon dioxide.
h = hour
ha = hectare
HAGL = Hoang Anh Gia Lai - a Vietnamese company
HAPUA = Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities /Authorities
HCD = hydrokinetic conversion device
HCD = Hydraulic control device
HCFCs = halogenated fluorocarbons; a type of greenhouse gas
HCIG = Hebei Construction and Investment Group Co., Ltd.
HCP = Hourly Capacity Payment
HCS = Hydraulic control system
HCV = High Conservation Value
HCVA = High Conservation Value Area
HDPE = High-density polyethylene
HDVC = Hydro driven control valve
HEC = Hydropower Engineering Consultants
HECS = Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion Systems
HEG = Hydrology Expert Group
HFCs = hydrofluorocarbons; a type of greenhouse gas
HFO = heavy fuel oil
hh (HH) = households
HHPC = Houay Ho Power Company
HIA = Health Impact Assessment - describes impacts a new hydropower project may have on the health and well-being of people in affected areas
HLG = Houay Lamphan Gnai
HLO = high-level outlet
HMS = Hydrologic Modeling System
HOL = Highest Operating Level
HP = Horsepower
HPCC = HydroPower Control Center
HPP = Hydropower Project
HRWL = highest regulated water level
HSAP = Hydropower Sustainable Assessment Protocol
HSE = Health, Safety and Environment
HSR = high-speed railway
HV = high voltage (typically all voltages over 200 kilovolts)
HVAC = heating, ventilation and air conditioning
HVAC = high-voltage alternating current
HVDC = high-voltage direct current
HVPL = High voltage power line
Hwy. = Highway
HYCOS = Hydrological Cycle Observation System
HYDRAF = Hydrologic Remote Sensing Analysis for Floods
Hz = Hertz
IBFM = Integrated Basin Flow Management
IBP = Indicative Basin Plan
IBRD = International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICCILMB = Interim Committee for Coordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin (of the Mekong River Commission)
ICEM = International Center for Environmental Management
ICOLD = International Commission on Large Dams
ICSID = International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (World Bank)
ICT = Information and Communications Technology
IDA = International Development Association
IDC = Indirect costs (overhead costs)
IDF = inflow design flood
IDLC = Integrated Direct Load Control
IDRC = International Development Research Center
IDSM = Integrated Demand Side Management - the joining together of all resources utilitity providers have to plan, generate and supply electricity as efficiently as possible.
IEA = International Energy Agency
IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission (based in Switzerland and has a global focus)
IEDs = intelligent electronic devices
IEE = Initial Environmental Examination
IEEE = Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (based in the United States and focuses on North America)
IFAD = International Fund For Agricultural Development
IFC = International Finance Corporation
IFDP = Indigenous Fishery Development Project
IFI = International Financing Institution (such as ADB & World Bank)
IFReDI = Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute
IFRM = Integrated Flood Risk Management
IGA = inter-governmental agreement
IHA = International Hydropower Association
IKMP = Information and Knowledge Management Platform
ILF = ILF Consulting Engineers
ILO = intermediate level outlet
IMA = Independent Monitoring Agency
IMDG = International Maritime Dangerous Goods
IMF = International Monetary Fund
IMO = International Maritime Organization
Imp/kWh = short for Impressions per kWh (unit) of electricity which passes through a measuring meter where one 'impression' is a brief flash of an LED.
IMPE = Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology
IMR = Infant mortality Rate
inc. = incorporated
INDC = Intended Nationally-Determined Contribution
INRAE = Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (France)
IOD = Initial Operation Date
I/O = input/output
IPCC = International Panel on Climate Change
IPD = Investment Promotion Department
IPDP = Indigenous Peoples Development Plan
IPP = Independent Power Producer
IRD = Institute for Research and Development - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
IRENA = International Renewable Energy Agency
IREP = Institute of Renewable Energy Promotion
IRN = International Rivers Network
IRP = Integrated Resource Planning
IRR = Internal Rate of Return
IRRP = Integrated Resource and Resilience Planning
ISH - Initiative for Sustainable Hydropower
ISIS = Integrated Surface Irradiance Study
ISO = International Standards Organization
ISP = Information Sharing Platform
ISP = Integrated System Plan
ISRM = International Society for Rock Mechanics
ITD = Italian Thai Development Public Company Limited
ITO = Independent Transmission Operators
IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature & Natural Resources
IVR = Interactive Voice Response
IVVC = Integrated Voltage/Var Control
IWED = International Water Event Database
IWMI = International Water Management Institute
IWRM = Integrated Water Resources Management
JAP = Joint Action Plan
JBIC = Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JC = Joint Committee
JCCCN = Joint Committee on Coordination of Commercial Navigation (on Lancang-Mekong River)
JCM = Joint Consultative Meeting (ASEAN)
JCWG = Joint Committee Working Group
JDB = Joint Development Bank
JEM = Joint Environmental Monitoring
JICA = Japan International Cooperation Agency
JMP = Joint Monitoring Program
JWG = Joint Working Group
k = kilo - a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting multiplication by one thousand
KANSAI = Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc.
KBA = key biodiversity area
KCMIL or KCM = thousand circular mils (size of electricity conductor)
kg/ha/yr = kilograms per hectare per year
kg/hh/yr = kilograms per household per year
kg/m^2 = kilograms per square meter
KGPC = Kobe Green Power Company
KHPS = kinetic hydropower system
KHR = Khmer Riel
km = kilometer
km^2 = square kilometer
kN = kilo Newton
KN = Lao Kip
KOICA = Korea International Cooperation Agency
KOWEPO = Korea Western Power
KPIs = key performance indicators
Ktoe = Kilotons of oil equivalent
kV = kilovolt
kVA = Kilo Volt Ampere. In a 100% efficient system kW = kVA.
kVAR = Kilo Volt Ampere Reactive
kW = kilowatt. In a 100% efficient system kW = kVA.
kWh = kilowatt hour
LACP = Land Acquisition and Compensation Plan
LaCSA = Lao Climate Services for Agriculture
LAD = Lao Dam Association
LAK = Lao Kip
LAN = Local Area Network
Lao PDR = Lao People’s Democratic Republic
LARP = Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan
lbs. = pounds (weight)
LC = letter of credit
LCC = Luang Paseuth Construction Sole Co.
LCE = Lao National Committee for Energy
LCG = Lao Consulting Group
LCHSR = Lao-China High-Speed Railway
LCOE = Levelized Cost of Energy
LCR = Lao(s)-China Railway in Laos is powered by rainfall
LCU = local control units
LDC = Least Developed Country
LDC = load dispatch center - central authority that continuously monitors, manages and optimizes electric power inputs into the grid
LDPE = Low-density polyethylene
LEAP = Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning
LECS = Lao Expenditure and Consumption Survey
LEPTS = Lao Electric Power Technical Standards
LFC = Load Frequency Control
LFCR = Load Frequency Control and Reserves
LFNC = Lao Front for National Construction
L/H = length / height
LHSE = Lao Holding State Enterprise
LIRP = Livelihood and Income Restoration Plan
LL = load loss
LLC = Limited Liability Company
LLDC = Land-Locked Developing Country
LLO = low-level outlet
LMB = Lower Mekong Basin - the Lao, Thai, Cambodian & Vietnamese portions of the Mekong River.
LMC = Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (intergovernmental institution)
LMCCD = Lancang–Mekong Cooperation and Conflict Database
LMCSF = Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund
LMC Water Center = Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center
LMDP = Lancang-Mekong Development Plan
LMI = Lower Mekong Initiative
LMR = Lancang-Mekong River
LMRB = Lancang-Mekong River Basin
LMS = Load Management System
LMWCD = Lancang–Mekong Water Cooperation Database
LMWRCC = Lancang-Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center
LNCE = Lao National Committee for Energy
LNG = Liquified Natural Gas - natural gas (methane) in cryogenic storage.
LNMC = Lao National Mekong Committee
LNNL = a type of electric wire for single-phase meters
LNTA = Lao National Tourism Administration
LOL = lowest operating level
LOLE = loss of load expectation
LPCL = Luang Prabang Power Company Limited
LPD = Luang Prabang (Dam) downstream
LPFL = Oji-Laos Plantation Forestry Ltd.
LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPHPP = Luang Prabang Hydropower Project
lpm = liters per minute
LPRP = Lao People’s Revolutionary Party
LPRYU = – Lao People’s Revolutionary Youth Union
LPU = Luang Prabang (Dam) upstream
LRC = Livelihood Restoration Committee
LRO = Law on Resettlement and Occupation
LRWL = lowest regulated water level
LSC = local stakeholder consultations
LSE = Load-Serving Entity
LSFCP = Lao-Swedish Forestry Cooperation Program
Ltd. = Limited (liability)
LTESA = Lenders’ Technical, Environmental and Social Advisors
LTM-PIP = Laos-Thailand-Malaysia Power Integration Project
LTMS-PIP = Laos-Thailand-Malaysia-Singapore power integration project
LTSA = Long-Term Service Agreement
LU/LC = Land Use/Land Cover
LURC = Land Use Right Certificate
L×W×H = Length×Width×Height
LWU = Lao Womens Union
m = meter
M. = Muang
m2 = square meters
m3 = cubic meters
m3/s = cubic meters per second
MA95 = 1995 Agreement on cooperation for sustainable development of the Mekong River Basin
MAEE = French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (French acronym)
MAF = Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
MAR = Mean Annual Runoff
MARD = Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (in Vietnam)
MASAP = Mekong Adaptation Strategy Action Plan
masl (msl) = meters above sea level
MCE = Maximum Credible Earthquake
mcm = million cubic meters
MCM = abbreviation for thousands of circular mils, an old measurement of wire gauge.
MCP = Mitigation and Compensation Program
MCPP = Managed Co-Lending Portfolio Program (Vietnam)
MCs = member countries
MCTPC = Ministry of Communication, Transportation, Post and Construction
MDB = multilateral development banks
MDF = Mixed Deciduous Forest
MDGs = Millennium Development Goals
MDM = Mekong Dam Monitor - reports hydrologic indicators in the Mekong Basin in near-real time.
M&E = Monitoring and Evaluation
M&E = machinery & equipment
MEM = Ministry of Environment and Mines
MFCB = Mega First Corporation Berhad
MFD = Mekong Fish Database
MFWL = Maximum Flood Water Level
mg/L = milligrams per liter
MHX = Mahaxay
MIH = Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts
MIH = Mekong Investment Holding JSC
MIGA = Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
mil. = million
min. = minute
MLC = Mekong-Lancang Cooperation
MLF = marginal loss factor
MLS = Manual Load Shedding
mm = millimeter
MOAF = Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
MODIS = Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
MOE = Ministry of Energy (in Thailand)
MOEM = Ministry of Energy and Mining
MOF = Ministry of Finance
MOIC = Ministry of Industry and Commerce (
MoICT = Ministry of Information, Communication and Tourism
MOL = Minimum Operating Level
MoMEL = Ministry of Mines and Energy, Lao PDR
MONRE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MORE = Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MoU = Memorandum of Understanding
MPa = MegaPascal or Million Pascal (pressure measurement)
MPI = Ministry of Planning and Investment
MPS = Mobile power station
MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport
MRB = Mekong River Basin
MRB-IF = Mekong River Basin Indicator Framework
MRC = Mekong River Commission
MRC DSF = Mekong River Commission Decision Support Framework
MRC JC = Mekong River Commission Joint Committee
MRC PDG = Mekong River Commission Preliminary Design Guidance
MRC-SEDB = MRC Basin-Wide Socio-Economic Database
MRC SP = Mekong River Commission Strategic Plan
MRCS = Mekong River Commission Secretariat
MRC TD = MRC Technical Support Division
m/s = meters per second
MSC = management service contract
MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
msl = mean sea level
masl = meters above sea level
MSY = Maximum Sustainable Yield
mt = million tons
MTG = micro turbine generation/generator
MTOE = million tons of oil equivalent
MTR = Mid-Term Review
MUSD = Million US dollars
MVA = megavolt ampere
MW = megawatt
MWh = megawatt hours
MWL = Maximum Water Level
MWM = Mobile Workforce Management
MWp = peak megawatt
MWP = Multi-Year Work Plan
N/A = not applicable
NA = National Assembly
NAFRI = National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute
NARO = National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (in Japan)
NARPDP = Northern Area Rural Power Distribution Project
NASC = National Assembly Standing Committee
NATM = New Austrian Tunneling Method
NAWACOP = Nam Ngum Watershed Management and Conservation Project
NBCA = National Biodiversity Conservation Area
NBPCL = Nam Bi Power Company Ltd.
NCC = National Consulting Company
NCEP = National Center for Environmental Prediction
NCH1HP = Nam Che 1 Hydropower
NE = northeast
NEAP = Nation Environmental Action Plan
NEC = National Electrical Code (USA)
NEDA = Neighboring Countries Economic Development Cooperation Agency
NEFCO = Nordic Environment Finance Corporation
NEG = Navigation Expert Group
NEM HPP = Nam Emoun Hydropower Project
NEPC = National Energy Policy Council (in Thailand)
NESMC = National Environment and Social Management Committee
NG = Natural gas (mainly methane)
NGC = National Grid Code
NGD = National Geographic Department
NGGS = National Green Growth Strategy
NGL = Natural gas liquids (ethane, propane, butane, isobutane and natural gasoline)
NGO = Non Governmental Organization
NGPES = National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy
NHDHP = Nam Hinboun Downstream Hydropower Project (Nam Hinboun 1 HPP)
NIP = National Indicative Plan
NL1PC = Nam Lik 1 Power Company Limited
NLDC = National Load Dispatch Center
NLMA = National Land Management Authority
NLPC = Nam Lik Power Company
NM1 = Nam Mang 1
NM3 = Nam Mang 3
NM3HP = Nam Mang 3 Hydropower Project
NM-B cable = type of Non-Metallic sheathed electric conductor
NMC = National Mekong Committee
NMC = non-metallic sheathed cable
NMCS = National Mekong Committee Secretariat
NMCs = National Mekong Committees
NMRC = National Mekong River Commission
NN1 = Nam Ngum 1
NN2PC = Nam Ngum 2 Power Company Limited
NN2HPP = Nam Ngum 2 Hydropower Project
NN3 = Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project
NN3PC = Nam Ngum 3 Power Company
NN4 = Nam Ngum 4 Hydropower Project
NN5 = Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project
NNB = Nam Ngum Basin
NNG1 HPP = Nam Ngum 1 Hydropower Plant
NNHP-1 = Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Project
NNHPC = Nam Nhone Hyropower Co.
NNP1 = Nam Ngiep 1
NNP1PC = Nam Ngiep 1 Hydropower Power Company
NNRB = Nam Ngum River Basin
NNT = Nakai Nam Thuen
NNT NPA = Nakai Nam Thuen National Protected Area
NOFIP = National Office for Forest Inventory and Planning
NOPC = Nam Ou River Basin Hydropower Company
NORAD = Norwegian Agency for Development
NPA = National Protected Area
NPA = Non-Profit Associations
NPAD = National Protected Area Division
NPCSAP = National Pollution Control Strategy and Action Plan
NPDP = National Power Development Plan
NPESSHS = National Policy on Environment and Social Sustainability of the Hydropower Sector
NPPC = Nam Phay Power Company Ltd.
NPPC = Nam Phoun Power Company Limited
NPSHD = National Policy on Sustainable Hydropower Development
NPV = net present value
Nr. = number
NREB = National Renewable Energy Board
NREL = National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NRESR = Natural Resources and Environment Statistics and Research Institute
NSC = National Statistics Center
NSEDP = National Socio-Economic Development Plan
NT = Nam Taep 1,2,3 Hydropower Company Ltd.
NTEC = Nam Theun 2 Electricity Company
NTFP = Non-Timber Forest Product
NTP = Nam Theun Power Company
NTPC = Nam Theun 2 Power Company
NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, a unit used to measure turbidity of a fluid or the presence of suspended particles in water
NT1HPP = Nam Theun 1 Hydropower Project
NT1PC = Nam Theun 1 Power Company
NT2HPP = Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project
NUOL = National University of Laos
N2O = nitrous oxide; a type of greenhouse gas; also used as an inhalation anaesthetic
NW = northwest
NWH = Powerchina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited
NWL = normal water level
O3 = ozone
OAAs = Other Aquatic Animals (other than fish - mussels, snails, turtles, frogs, shrimps, crabs, etc.)
OAA/P = ? Other Aquatic Animals & Plants ?
Occ = occasional
OCEG = Operations Coordination Expert Group
OCEO = Office of the Chief Executive Officer, Mekong River Commission Secretariat
O.D. = outside diameter
ODA = Official Development Assistance
OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OEM - original equipment manufacturer
OFR = Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration
OHGW = Overhead Ground Wire
OHTL = Overhead Transmission Line
OITC = Office of Information Technology and Communication
OJT = On the Job Training
OLR = Overload Relay
O & M = Operating and Maintenance
OM = Operating Margin
OMS = Operations Monitoring Scheme
OMS = Outage Management System
OP/BP = Operational Policy Bank Procedures (of World Bank)
OPEX = operating expenditures
OPGW = Optical Ground Wire
OPS = Operational Planning and Scheduling
ORP = oxidation reduction potential
OSTE = Organisation for Science, Technology and Environment (same as STENO)
O/U = over / under
OVs = Overseas Vietnamese
OWL = Operating Water Level
P2P = Power to the Poor (Lao program to help the poor connect)
p.a. = per annum; per year
PABX = Private automatic branch exchange
PAFO = Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office
PAH = Project-Affected Households
PAP = Project-Affected People or Project-Affected Persons
PAR = population at risk
PBC = Preferentiall Buyers Credit
PBCA = Provincial Biodiversity Conservation Area
PBHPP = Pak Beng Hydropower Project
PBM = Phou Bia Mine
PCB = printed circuit board
PCC = Plain Cement Concrete
PCD = Public Consultations and Disclosure
PCOA = Put and call option agreement
PCP = Power control panel
PCPP = Public Consultation and Participation Process
PCR = Project Completion Report
PD = Power Density
PD = Planning Division
PDA = Project Development Agreement
PDD = Project Design Document
PDG = Preliminary Design Guidance
PDIES = Procedures for Data and Information Exchange and Sharing
PDMP = power development master plan
PDO = Project Development Objective
PDP = power development plan
PDR = People's Democratic Republic
PE = Primary Energy
PEA = Provincial Electricity Authority (in Thailand)
PEC = power electronic conversion (such as DC to AC from solar panels)
PEMO = Provincial Energy and Mines Office
p.f. = power factor
PF = Private Financing or Project Financing
PFCs = perfluorinated carbons; a type of greenhouse gas
PFMFRD = Protection Forest Management and Forest Rehabilitation Division (of Lao Department of Forestry)
PFS = Pre-Feasibility Study
PGRC = Provincial Grievance Redress Committee
PHAP = Public Health Action Plan
PHO = Provincial Health Office
PHP = Pico hydropower
PIM = Participatory irrigation management
PIPSC = Provincial Investment Promotion Steering Committee
PIT = Passive Integrated Transponder
PIZ = Project Impact Zone
PIZ = peripheral impact zone
PKK Park = Phou Khao Khouay Park
PLC = programmable logic controller - used to automate electro-mechanical processes
PLHPP = Pak Lay Hydropower Project
PLL = potential loss of life
PM = Prime Minister
PMB2 = Power Project Management Board 2 (Vietnam govt.)
PMF = Probable Maximum Flood
PMFM = Procedures for Maintenance of Flows on the Mainstream (Mekong)
PMO = Prime Minister’s Office
PMP = Probable Maximum Precipitation
PNC = Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Company
PNPC = Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.
PNPCA = Procedures for Notification of Prior Consultation and Agreement – by Mekong River Commission
PoA = Program of Activities
POD = Point of Delivery
POE = Panel of Experts
PONRE = Provincial Office of Natural Resources and Environment
Post Ante = a forecast based on actual results
PPA = Power Purchase Agreement
PPA = Provincial Protected Area
PPDP = Provincial Power Development Plan
PPE = Personal Protective Equipmen
ppm = parts per million
PPP = public-private-partnership
PPS = Power Purchase Supplier
PPT = Project Preparation Team
ppt = parts per thousand
PQ = Pre-Qualification
PRA = participatory rural-community assessment
PRC = Provincial Resettlement Committee
PRC = People’s Republic of China
PRF = Paddy Rice Field
PRG = political risk guarantees
PRI = Political Risk Insurance
PRLRC = Provincial Resettlement and Livelihood Restoration Committee
PRMLCRC = Provincial Resettlement Management and Living Condition Restoration Committee
PRP = Preliminary Resettlement Plan
PRP = Proactive Regional Planning
P/S = power station
PSDP = Public Sector Development Program
PSG = Phongsubthavy Group
PSG = Phonesack Group
PSH = Pumped storage hydropower
PSHD = Policy on Sustainable Hydropower Development
PSI = pounds per square inch - a unit of pressure resulting from a force of one pound-force applied to an area of one square inch - 1 foot of water head = 0.43 psi of pressure
PSI = Pollution Standards Index - a numerical index used for reporting the severity of air pollution levels to the public. For current levels in Laos see https://www.iqair.com/laos .
PSOD = Private Sector Operations Department
PSP = Power supply panel
PSS = Power System Stabilizer
PSU = primary sampling unit
PTDP = Power Transmission and Distribution Project
PTS = PT Sole Co., Ltd.
PV = Photovoltaic
PVC = Polyvinyl Chloride
PVF = Photovoltaic floating (solar cells on structures floating in water)
PWF = period weighting factor
PWG = Planning Working Group
PWQ = Procedures for Water Quality
PWUM = Procedures for Water Use Monitoring
Q1 = first quarter
Q2 = second quarter
Q3 = third quarter
Q4 = fourth quarter
qty. = quantity
RAP = Resettlement Action Plan
RAT = Reservoir Assessment Tool
RC = Resettlement Committee
RCA = root cause analysis
RCC = Regional Control Center
RCC = Roller-Compacted Concrete
RCC = River Continuum Concept - a model for classifying and describing flowing water based on width, depth, velocity and sediment load while taking into account biological factors.
RCP = Regional Cooperation Program
RCT = Rule Curve Tool
Rd. = Road
RE = Renewable Energy
RE = rural electrification
REA = ??? REA site = ??
RECS = River Current Conversion System
REDP = resettlement and ethnic development plan
REDS = Renewable Energy Development Strategy
REMP = Rural Electrification Master Plan
REMDP = Resettlement & Ethnic Minority Development Plan
REP = Rural Electrification Program
REPELC = residential price of electricity
RETA = regional technical assistance program
REZ = renewable energy zone
RFDMC = Regional Flood and Drought Management Center (formerly named RFMMC = Regional Flood Management and Mitigation Center))
RFFS = River Flood Forecasting System
RFI = radio frequency interference
RFMMC = Regional Flood Management and Mitigation Center [in early 2019 was renamed ‘the Regional Flood and Drought Management Center (RFDMC)]
RFP = Request for Proposal
RGC = Regional Grid Code
RGC = Royal Government of Cambodia
RHEAS = Regional Hydrological Extreme Assessment System
RIS = River Information System - provides info to aid safe river travel (water levels, oncoming vessels size and speed, incidents and accidents, weather forecast and reports).
RMB = Renminbi
RMU = Resettlement Management Unit
ROR (RoR) = Run of the River
ROW = Right of Way
RPCC = Regional Power Coordination Center
RPM = Riverine Plastic Monitoring
rpm = revolutions per minute
RPSU = Reserve power supply unit
RPTCC = Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee
RPTOA = Regional Power Trade Operating Agreement
RRA = Rotating Rectifier assembly (for generator)
RSAT = Rapid Basin-wide Sustainability Assessment Tool
RSF = Regional Stakeholders Forum
RSL = Residual Static Load
RTM = Round Table Meeting
RTUs = Remote Terminal Units
RTWG = Regional Technical Working Group
r/m = revolutions per minute
RWG = Resettlement Working Group
s. = second (1/60th of a minute)
SA = Substation Automation
SAMIS = Strengthening Agro-climatic Monitoring and Information Systems
SAPE = sector assistance program evaluation
SBEM = Strategy for Basin-wide Environmental Management
SBOR = State of Basin Report
SBSD = Support for Better Service Delivery
SC = steering committee
SCADA = Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCC = Short Circuit Capacity
SCF = Strategic Climate Fund
SCI = SCI Electric Manufacturer Co., Ltd. Thailand
SCM = Stakeholder Consultation Meeting
SCTL = single circuit transmission line
SDC = Song Da Corporation
SDC = Swedish Organization for Development and Cooperation
SDGs = Sustainable Development Goals
SDIL = Serba Dinamik International Ltd.
SDP = Strategic Development Plan
SDPC = Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorophyll A in the Presence of Pheophytin
SDR = special drawing right
SDR = social discount rate - used for computing the present value of social project funds costs and benefits
SE = Secondary Energy
SE = southeast
SEA = Strategic Environmental Assessment
SEAN = SouthEast Asia Energy Limited
SEG = Sediment Expert Group
SEIA = Social and Environmental Impact Assessment
SEMFOP = Social and Environmental Management Framework and Operational Plan
SESIA = Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
SESO = Standard for Environmental and Social Obligations
SFC = static frequency converter
SGs = Safety guidelines
SHC = Sinohydro Corporation
SHD = Sustainable Hydropower Development
SHDS = Sustainable Hydropower Development Strategy
SHK = Sinohydro (Hong Kong) Holding Co
SHOA = standard hydropower operation agreement
SHP = Small Hydro Power
SHS = solar home system
SIA = Social Impact Assessment
SIDA = Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SII = Summary of Investment Information
SIL = surge impedance loading
SIM = Social Impact Monitoring
SIMVA = Social Impact Monitoring and Vulnerability Assessment
SK = SK Engineering & Construction
SKEC = SK Engineering and Construction Co.
SLRP = Supplemental Livelihood Restoration Plan
SME = small and medium-sized enterprises
SMG = Simuong Group or Simeuang Group Company Limited
SMMP = Social Monitoring and Management Plan
SMO = Social Management Office
SNHPP = Sanakham Hydropower Project
SOBR = State of Basin Report
SOE = state-owned enterprise
SOEG = Socio-economic Expert Group
SOP = standard operating procedure
SP = Strategic Plan
SPC = Special-Purpose Company
SPC = State Planning Committee
SPD = Strategic Planning Document
SPEI = Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
SPI = Standardized Precipitation Index
SPI = Statistical Performance Indicator
SPP = Small power producer
SPRE = Southern Provinces Rural Electrification
SPS = Safeguard Policy Statement
SPV = special-purpose vehicle
sq = square
sq km = square kilometer
SRB = Sekong River Basin
SRI = Standardized Runoff Index
S/S (SS) = substation
SSA = share sale agreement
SSC = Suspended sediment concentration
STA = Short-Term Advisor
STEA = Science, Technology & Environment Agency (now WREA)
STENO = Science, Technology and Environment Organization
STI = short-term incentives
SW = southwest
SWAT = Soil & Water Assessment Tool
SWER = Single-wire earth return (single-wire ground return)
SWM = solid waste management
t = ton
t/km2/yr = tons per square kilometer per year
TA = Technical Assistance
TAB = Technical Advisory Body
TBC = Tie-line Bias Control
TB&CIA = Transboundary & Cumulative Impact Assessment
TbEIA = Trans-Boundary Environmental Impact Assessment
TBESIA = Transboundary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
TBM = Tunnel-Boring Machine
T&D = Training and Development
T&D = transmission and distribution
TBL = Tractebel Asia Company Ltd.
TCE = Tons CO2 Equivalent
TC/TM = Tele-control and telemetry
TD = Technical Division
TDS = Total Dissolved Solids
TEP = Transmission expansion planning
TES = Total Energy Supply
TFAP = Tropical Forestry Action Plan
TFEC = total final energy consumption
TG = Technical Guideline
TG-PMFM = Technical Guidelines for Preserving Flows on the Mekong
TGS = Technical Guidelines or Technical Guidance Series
TGWQ = Technical Guidelines Water Quality
THB = Thai baht
THD = Total Harmonic Distortion
THHN = a code for electric conductor cable that is Thermoplastic High Heat Resistant
THHP = Theun-Hinboun Hydro Power
THPC = Theun-Hinboun Power Company Limited
THWN = a code for electric conductor cable that is Thermoplastic Heat and Water Resistant
THXP = Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project
TL (T/L) = transmission line
TNB = Tenaga Nasional Berhad (the only electric utility company in Peninsular Malaysia)
TNMC = Thailand National Mekong Committee
TO = Transmission Operator
TOR (ToR) = terms of reference
TOU = Time of Use (for electricity tariff rate)
TPD = tons per day
TPES = total primary energy supply
TPY = tons per year
TRANSCO = Transmission Company
TRG = Technical Review Group
TRR = Technical Review Report
TSC = Technical Service Centre
TSO = Transmission System Operator
TSP = total suspended particulate matter
TSS = Total Suspended Solids
TTC = transmission transfer capability
TWh = terawatt hour
TWINS = Transboundary Water Interaction Nexus
TWL = tailrace water level
UF = Underground Feeder cable
UFLS = Under Frequency Load Shedding
UHV = Ultra-high-voltage electricity transmission
UMB = Upper Mekong Basin - the Chinese and Myanmar portions of the Lancang (Mekong) River
UNCITRAL = United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
UNDP = United Nations Development Program
UNEP = United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC = United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
URF = Upland Rice Field
URF = Upper Rule Factor
U/S = upstream
USACE = United States Army Corps of Engineers
USAID = United States Agency for International Development
USD = United States Dollar
USGS = United States Geological Survey
UTFI = Underground taming of floods for irrigation - involves diverting excess water flows from rivers or canals into underground recharging of groundwater reserves
UXO = Unexploded Ordnance; unexploded bombs, land mines, etc.
V = volt
VA = volt-ampere is a measurement of power in a direct current (DC) electrical circuit or in alternating current (AC) circuits.
VA = Vulnerability Assessment
VAC = Volts Alternating Current - a measure of the strength of an alternating electric field.
VASE = Vientiane Automation and Solution Engineering
VAT = value-added tax
VDB = Vietnam Development Bank
VDC = Volts Direct Current
VDC = Vertical Deflection Circuit
VDC = Village Development Committee
VEC = valued environmental components
VFT = variable frequency transformer
VIC = Variable Infiltration Capacity
VICU = Voltage insulation control unit
VLPC = Viet Lao Power Joint Stock Company
VND = Vietnam Dong
VNMC = Vietnam National Mekong Committee
VRE = variable renewable energy (solar cells, wind power, etc.)
VSC = voltage-source converter
VSPP = Very Small Power Producer
W2BL = wetlands and watershed biodiversity and livelihoods
WACC = weighted average cost of capital
WB = World Bank
WBG = World Bank Group
WC = water quality
WCA = Watershed Conservation Authority
WCD = World Commission on Dams
WCLC = Working Capital Letter of Credit
WCT = Water Current Turbine
WEF = Water-Energy-Food nexus
WEPA = Water Environment Partnership Asia
WES = Waterways Experiment Station
WES weir = various types of weir developed and tested by US-based Waterways Experiment Station
WGPG = Working Group on Performance Standards and Grid Code
WGPO = Working Group Planning and Operations
WGRI = Working Group on Regulatory Issues
WLA = Wetland Area
WLE = Water, Land and Ecosystems Greater Mekong
WLE CGIAR = Water, Land and Ecosystems - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Program
WMO = World Meteorological Organization
WMP = Watershed Management Plan
WMPA = Watershed Management and Protection Authority
WMS = Work Management Systems
WPI = Water Pollution Index
WPTO = Water Power Technologies Office
WQMN = Water Quality Monitoring Network
WREA = Water Resources & Environment Administration
WREO = Water Resources and Environment Office
WSMP = Watershed Management Plan
WTE = waste-to-energy
WTO = World Trade Organization
WUA = Water User Association / Water Use Authority
WUP = Water Utilization Plan
WWF = World Wildlife Fund
XBR = Xayabouri
XK1 = XeKong 1 Hydropower Project
XK2 = XeKong 2 Hydropower Project
XK3 = XeKong 3 Hydropower Project
XK4 = Xekong 4 Power Company Limited
XK4A = XeKong 4A Hydropower Project
XK4B = XeKong 4B Hydropower Project
XK5 = XeKong 5 Hydropower Project
XKM1 = Xekaman 1 Power Company Limited
XKM1PC = Xekaman 1 Power Company Limited
XKM3 = Xekaman 3 Power Company
XPCL = Xayaburi Power Company Limited
XTPPL = Xekong Thermal Power Plant Company Limited
XTRR = Xayaburi Technical Review Report
YPUA = Yield per unit area
yr. = year